Career Choices Essays - Applied Psychology, Behavioural Sciences

Career Choices CAREER RESEARCH PROJECT Up until recently I did not know what I wanted to do with my life. I was going to school but I really had no idea what I wanted to study. Recently, after contemplating multiple career choices, I have decided that I want to become a psychologist. Psychologists study the human mind and human behavior. Like other scientists, psychologists make hypothesis and then perform experiments to test these assumptions. Their research methods may differ depending on what topic they are studying. There are numerous research methods in which psychologists gather their data. Sometimes they gather information through controlled laboratory experiments. Psychologists also administer personality, performance, aptitude and intelligence tests. Other methods include observation, interviews, questionnaires, clinical studies and surveys. Psychologists use their knowledge in a wide variety of settings including health and human services, management, education, law and sports. In addition to the variety of work settings, psychologists usually specialize in a single aspect of their growing field. Some types of psychologists include clinical, counseling, school, industrial, developmental, social and experimental or research psychologists. There are two categories of psychology that I am interested in, they are clinical and industrial. Clinical psychology is a branch of psychology that deals with applying research findings in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. Clinical psychologists classify their work under three major headings: assessment, treatment and research. In assessment, they give and interpret psychological tests. These tests are given to determine the patients intelligence or to determine their mental characteristics. Another way to determine these characteristics is in an interview, where the psychologist questions and interacts with the patients. For the treatment stage the psychologist may use several types of psychotherapy. Lately psychologists have been concentrating on the electric approach but there is also behavior therapy, group therapy and psychoanalysis. Research is an important aspect to most psychologists. Clinical psychologists are often participants in research projects that have a bearing on mental-health care. A doctoral degree is usually required to be a licensed clinical psychologist. Areas of specialization within clinical psychology include health psychology, neuropsychology and geropsychology. Health psychologists promote good health through counseling programs designed to help people achieve goals such as to stop smoking or lose weight. Neuropsychologists studt the relation between the brain and behavior. Geropsychologists deal with the special problems faced by the elderly. The growth of these specialities reflect the growing need for psychologists that deal with particular situations and conditions. Industrial psychology is the application of various psychological techniques to the workplace and industry. These techniques can be in the form of job analysis and performance appraisals. It relates to the efficiency of the organization through appropriate use of their human resources. Organizational psychology goes hand in hand with industrial psychology. Organizational focuses on the development and understanding of people in the organization. Psychologists in this field advise businesses and organizations on the selection of workers and how to promote efficient working conditions. Also how to boost morale, productivity, and job satisfaction. Industrial-Organizational psychology (I-O psychology) was first developed in the US and became prominent during World War II, when it became necessary to recruit and train the large number of workers who were needed to meet the expanding economy. An I-O psychologist might work with management to reorganize the work environment to improve productivity or the quality of life in the workplace. They frequently act as concultants, brought in by the management in order to solve a particular problem. As opposed to other fields of psychology, a person only need s a masters degree to become an I-O psychologist. A psychologists working conditions are determined by their specialty and the environment they work in. Clinical, school and counseling psychologists mostly have private practices and set their own hours. However, they often have to work nights and weekends to accommodate their patients. Psychologists that are employed in hospitals and other health facilities work in shifts while those that work in clinics keep normal hours. Increasingly, many psychologists now work in teams. These teams are composed of other psychologists and some professionals. They use these groups for research or strictly for consulting. Travel is also a part of a psychologists working condition. They often have to travel around the country to attend different seminars and conduct research. An important fact to note is that one half of all psychologists are self-employed. This statistic is about five times the average for a professional worker. Educational institutions employed the greatest number of psychologists, four out of ten. The next highest number was in health